Missouri Weekly Cattle Auction Summary

Missouri · Weekly summary · Mon, Nov 2
● As filed373 lines reportedUSDA AMS · slug 1821

The state in one line

Counts as USDA filed them
Missouri reported 373 priced lines covering 19,590 head across feeder cattle, slaughter cattle, replacement cattle. USDA puts feeder cattle receipts at 19,969 head. slaughter cattle receipts at 4,186 head. replacement cattle receipts at 2,251 head. Counted as USDA files them — 195 of those are cow-calf pairs, each counted once.

Missouri Weekly Cattle Auction Summary

Mon Nov 2, 2020
USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Jefferson City, MO (LS-JC)
Feeder CattleReceipts 19,969Last week 14,592Year ago 33,848
Slaughter CattleReceipts 4,186Last week 2,762Year ago 3,928
Replacement CattleReceipts 2,251Last week 1,019Year ago 2,817

Compared to last week, steers under 600 lbs. and heifers under 500 lbs. sold 5.00 to 10.00 higher and heavier weights sold steady to 5.00 higher. Weather was well above average temperatures this week, a big change from last week. Swings are still not good for animal health but warmer temperatures and sunshine did feel good. Farmers got back into the fields with grain harvest and some fall tillage. The supply of feeders was moderate and several reporters noted quality was a bit better overall with more weaned cattle in the offering. Demand was moderate to good. After very limited volume last week feedlot sales had slightly higher volume at higher price levels this week. As of this report near 85k head have been reported with live sales mostly at 105.00-107.00 and dressed sales mostly at 167.00. Boxed beef cutouts also climbed higher, choice closed Thursday at 212.55, up 4.45 and select at 198.97 up 7.73 compared to last Friday. Friday’s Missouri Stocker Formula consisted of 4166 head with a weighted average weight of 553.58 lbs. and a price value of 149.90, 6.31 higher than last Friday.

Feeder Cattle

As reported
HeadWt rangeAvg wtPrice rangeAvg price
Bulls — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
59475128.00–159.00140.71
21727100.00–115.00107.86
18668117.00–123.00119.36
5288160.00160.00
6330140.00–151.00145.50
22371135.00–180.00162.37
38528111.00–146.00131.64
59571119.00–147.00132.27
47626107.00–128.00122.27
3247192.50192.50
39418126.00–175.00152.77
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1487486.00–101.0090.69
9682105.00–118.00110.64
1377195.00–106.00102.19
77472115.00–157.00138.62
45420122.00–166.00143.43
2762090.00–132.00122.25
22375115.00–162.50139.69
13331147.50–160.00155.23
7284160.00–177.50167.71
491584.0084.00
61526110.00–145.00133.49
109571102.00–141.00125.22
11824100.00–115.00104.08
17722105.00–121.50113.00
Bulls — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
3455122.50122.50
Bulls — Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
7678100.00100.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
4599113.00113.00
Bulls — Medium 2$ per cwt · actual wt
8366135.00135.00
Bulls — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
6660107.50107.50
5510114.00114.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
6702117.00117.00
27618122.00–134.00130.78
6671105.00105.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
5268140.00140.00
4571112.50–120.00116.37
8372102.50–130.00113.74
21527110.00–130.00127.25
8474123.00–130.00124.97
Bulls — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
3508128.00128.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
4489130.00130.00
11658107.00–107.50107.27
3433143.00143.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
4655115.00115.00
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
118641130.00–144.00139.58
201572130.00–155.50147.22
47522145.00–168.50154.47
7797130.00130.00
10441154.00–168.50164.16
95678125.00–141.25133.79
28474141.00–171.00158.71
83728120.00–140.00137.17
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
11282130.00–180.00149.63
65769110.00–138.00127.54
57375134.00–177.00158.50
172676120.00–152.00139.37
10900114.00–133.00125.40
85857105.00–136.50128.96
160810124.00–136.50132.29
173479120.00–176.00150.52
27327137.50–189.00164.44
250575120.00–158.00143.14
222525120.00–162.00145.80
208624100.00–149.50138.74
203722112.00–142.50135.70
106428120.00–175.00155.11
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
28672122.00–139.00132.90
20622133.00–135.50134.27
4816128.00128.00
21778136.00136.00
7597136.00–149.00143.45
3547140.50140.50
11707115.00–132.00125.87
8482159.00159.00
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
3450150.00150.00
3688115.00115.00
3742125.00125.00
5788120.00120.00
7570125.00–140.00131.46
Steers — Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
5799125.00125.00
Steers — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
10631100.00–118.00111.73
3580120.00120.00
121,127100.00–101.00100.67
3453130.00130.00
5653114.00114.00
10986113.00–115.00113.79
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
4366180.00180.00
4314180.00–190.00187.29
3557169.50169.50
4280197.50197.50
Steers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
401867122.50–145.25140.49
441674115.00–154.50140.91
360477130.00–188.00165.49
584526133.00–173.00157.77
562573125.00–166.00150.14
81972113.25–135.50130.15
508772120.00–150.50144.08
378716120.00–152.75142.36
789625125.00–157.00144.28
41333145.00–191.00171.14
281835116.50–146.35138.87
69378159.00–190.00169.03
209428145.00–187.50170.18
109911111.00–143.75138.52
18265149.00–180.00165.01
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
31,000120.00120.00
3825120.00120.00
4638142.50142.50
4550145.00145.00
15690145.50145.50
Steers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
8676132.00132.00
41727116.00–138.00131.46
11585140.00–150.00147.34
4750130.00130.00
7870129.00129.00
25626142.25–145.50143.92
21808130.00–130.50130.31
28538154.00–155.75155.49
Steers — Medium 2$ per cwt · actual wt
3598115.00115.00
5277142.50142.50
9456112.00112.00
3403120.00120.00
4343135.00135.00
567295.0095.00
Steers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
4483160.00160.00
5411139.50139.50
3705125.25125.25
9510125.00–153.00137.60
4769125.00125.00
3650129.00129.00
Steers — Medium 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
5515102.00102.00
Steers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
5820120.00120.00
7551146.00146.00
8613137.00137.00
401,159109.75109.75
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
8378140.00140.00
19477132.50–142.00135.93
29526118.00–138.00127.62
35587123.00–140.00131.90
6733125.00125.00
10276147.50–153.00150.08
10621110.00–135.00117.41
8420136.00–146.00140.92
4859124.00124.00
74917117.50–119.75119.57
11769126.00–127.00126.45
8808115.00–119.25117.11
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
11481132.50–136.00135.38
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
20659120.00–135.00125.98
29623127.00–136.00132.34
19712125.00–132.00129.88
29574127.00–149.00137.73
18520152.00–156.00153.09
5414148.00148.00
3377152.50152.50
4496152.00152.00
Steers — Medium 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
7362110.00110.00
3675119.00119.00
Steers — Medium and Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1192587.0087.00
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
59640144.00144.00
29435157.50–175.00168.07
6297185.00185.00
Steers — Medium 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
9457169.00169.00
Steers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
8374132.50–142.00136.21
Heifers — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
617526117.50–154.00137.66
425624108.00–143.25131.79
123372125.00–171.00146.02
106765100.00–136.75121.83
8258125.00–152.50135.06
198721105.00–146.00134.20
56327120.00–157.00145.60
70812105.00–127.00120.21
402477119.00–159.00140.85
251,00693.00–110.75109.28
431576116.00–151.25133.77
17859114.00–125.00121.80
380675105.00–145.25133.25
288424120.00–162.00142.60
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
8386139.50139.50
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
80379109.00–157.50134.93
145726100.00–130.00123.73
144428110.00–150.00136.02
29327107.00–143.00128.09
28829100.00–125.75120.54
341524109.00–145.00132.63
4902109.00109.00
184474105.00–146.00131.07
53874107.00–120.00112.79
27362390.00–137.00124.46
293569100.00–140.50125.69
11566994.00–139.75123.92
13272122.50–135.00131.32
11376695.00–132.50124.69
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
65574112.50–132.50126.99
5384130.00–135.00133.97
46521115.00–135.00126.48
39617114.00–125.00120.00
3459125.00125.00
21657116.50116.50
3337130.00130.00
30425122.50–136.00129.06
Heifers — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
5543123.00123.00
4931109.50109.50
16988110.50110.50
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Full$ per cwt · actual wt
3412125.00125.00
6593118.00118.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
10543140.00140.00
4492138.00138.00
3642147.00147.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
76577118.00–135.25127.29
65483125.00–150.00137.23
5658115.00115.00
99524120.00–137.50132.49
53622113.00–129.00122.65
31432125.00–146.00139.27
10369138.00–142.50141.60
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
16424120.00–134.00124.73
13668112.00–119.50115.38
4649106.00106.00
16470114.00–125.00120.39
9328120.00–138.00126.55
8526114.00–123.00117.52
15742112.75–116.00113.63
21568114.50–125.00119.23
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Replacement$ per cwt · actual wt
26836132.00132.00
Heifers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
7479114.00–136.00120.03
3543117.50117.50
10634118.00–133.00124.01
3432150.50150.50
Heifers — Medium 2$ per cwt · actual wt
4382120.00120.00
6415100.00–110.00104.94
4520105.00105.00
5557100.00–117.50106.91
7330117.50117.50
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
15654131.00131.00
33623122.00–125.00122.55
31584118.00–133.00126.88
30512143.00143.00
8709117.00–124.00120.28
3822105.00105.00
Heifers — Medium 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
3550115.00115.00
3500115.00115.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
10504154.75154.75
Heifers — Medium 1 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
3665112.00112.00
Heifers — Medium 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
7382123.50123.50
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
7340140.00140.00
13404137.00–138.00137.24
10395133.50133.50
4470134.50134.50
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Replacement$ per cwt · actual wt
15746137.25137.25
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Unweaned$ per cwt · actual wt
5431119.00119.00
3533114.00–115.00114.68
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fleshy$ per cwt · actual wt
4533131.00131.00
8670120.50120.50
28633122.00–132.75128.39
24578129.50–135.50133.14
Heifers — Medium and Large 2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
6357129.00129.00
3517120.00120.00
Dairy Steers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1343177.50–78.0077.77
367872.5072.50
646275.00–76.0075.49
683780.0080.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported
AgeStageHeadWt rangeAvg wtPrice rangeAvg price
Bred Cows — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)51,53258.00–63.0060.10
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)81,58954.00–66.0059.82
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)41,518785.00–925.00839.93
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)331,436775.00–1,175.00959.73
Bred Cows — Medium 2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)4859500.00–735.00633.84
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)2770475.00–500.00487.74
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)11825325.00–500.00443.65
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)1825600.00600.00
Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)2730400.00400.00
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)11,340650.00650.00
Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)91,0201,150.00–1,300.001,217.55
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)181,277600.00–1,175.001,038.75
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)41,085700.00–1,025.00776.41
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)151,127685.00–985.00791.38
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)381,211600.00–1,175.00958.44
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)61,258785.00–800.00792.29
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)1885760.00760.00
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)21,280575.00–625.00601.07
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)61,4451,575.00–1,650.001,611.20
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)31,350875.00–885.00878.32
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)31,3031,200.00–1,260.001,239.13
Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)191,1781,625.00–1,775.001,687.98
Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)331,3821,700.00–1,800.001,742.43
Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)31,1271,500.001,500.00
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)51,27757.00–63.0058.29
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo)71,114700.00–850.00781.43
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)1051,199675.00–1,250.00936.44
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)161,166700.00–910.00809.07
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)341,21147.00–57.0052.30
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)401,184600.00–825.00733.59
Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)641,1681,425.00–1,550.001,484.62
Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)111,1311,400.00–1,500.001,457.77
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)41,17053.00–77.0064.65
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)311,2761,080.00–1,500.001,342.68
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)All Stages (1-9 mo)111,301870.00–1,175.00998.02
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)71,366900.00–950.00922.17
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)531,3391,200.00–1,475.001,335.92
Aged (>8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)41,24356.0056.00
Bred Cows — Large 1$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)51,5271,485.001,485.00
Bred Cows — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)591,000550.00–1,050.00747.99
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)25946450.00–825.00703.66
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)18991510.00–850.00699.43
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)61,03747.00–51.0049.69
Bred Cows — Medium 1-2 · Broken Mouth$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)1297737.50–42.0040.27
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2 · Broken Mouth$ per cwt · actual wt
Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)131,15140.00–49.0046.32
Stock Cows — Medium 1-2 · Thin Fleshed$ per cwt · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open686375.00–77.5077.17
Stock Cows — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)Open1975785.00–102.0091.85
Young (2-4 yrs)Open3583062.50–90.0075.69
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open7593142.50–97.5069.13
Aged (>8 yrs)Open31,03644.0044.00
Stock Cows — Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)Open41,23865.00–80.0072.73
(<2 yrs)Open21,11377.5077.50
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open51,16953.00–64.5057.00
Young (2-4 yrs)Open771,07155.00–89.0066.50
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open181,04867.50–92.0075.80
(<2 yrs)Open4299264.50–105.0088.29
Bred Heifers — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)4760500.00–875.00693.87
Bred Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
(<2 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo)31,0751,600.001,600.00
(<2 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo)18925675.00–900.00797.60
(<2 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo)151,0381,400.00–1,500.001,447.41
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open4948725.00–750.00737.50
Young (2-4 yrs)Open119411,475.00–1,525.001,506.82
Aged (>8 yrs)Open4850800.00–900.00850.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open2685810.00810.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)41,0401,035.001,035.00
Cow-Calf Pairs — Large 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo)21,4001,050.001,050.00
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1$ per cwt · estimate wt
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open31,5001,510.001,510.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open151,3471,875.00–2,100.002,042.00
Young (2-4 yrs)Open311,1771,900.00–2,100.002,012.26
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Aged (>8 yrs)Open41,193885.00–1,170.001,033.75
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open11,3001,010.001,010.00
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open11,4001,200.001,200.00
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open31,3501,050.001,050.00
Aged (>8 yrs)Open21,125725.00725.00
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 2 · Broken Mouth$ per cwt · estimate wt
Aged (>8 yrs)Open51,120900.00–1,000.00940.00
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open271,2521,300.00–1,625.001,539.63
Young (2-4 yrs)Open201,1131,675.00–1,850.001,770.00
Aged (>8 yrs)Open211,246975.00–1,100.001,088.10
Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open211,3811,325.00–1,450.001,408.33
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open61,323925.00–1,100.00983.33
Aged (>8 yrs)Open21,3001,000.001,000.00
Cow-Calf Pairs — Medium and Large 1-2 · Broken Mouth$ per cwt · estimate wt
Aged (>8 yrs)Open41,250900.00900.00
Heifer Pairs — Medium 1-2$ per cwt · estimate wt
Young (2-4 yrs)Open2985700.00700.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)N/A11,4001,600.001,600.00
(<2 yrs)N/A11,2151,375.001,375.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported
HeadWt rangeAvg wtPrice rangeAvg price
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
511,58748.00–76.0069.40
1611,70571.00–93.0080.75
22,053102.00–105.00103.45
371,82674.00–105.0091.16
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
2051,36643.50–55.5049.95
3791,45245.00–65.0057.44
1711,55450.50–72.0063.70
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
2701,01220.00–49.0037.52
1361,09642.00–62.5049.26
4241,11634.00–58.5045.73
4288514.00–38.0023.58
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
3471,19930.00–57.0046.77
7021,23540.00–64.0053.13
11,14045.0045.00
1351,23749.00–68.0058.27
Cows — Premium White 65-75%$ per cwt · actual wt
41,94560.00–64.0061.71
61,71868.00–75.0071.39
Cows — Lean 85-90% · Light Weight$ per cwt · actual wt
292025.0025.00
Heifers — Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
41,48492.00–99.5096.28
471,250101.00–104.00103.31
Heifers — Select$ per cwt · actual wt
51,16494.00–96.5095.47
Steers — Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
521,284101.50–109.00103.11
Steers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
91,31598.00–101.5099.86
31,22097.00–101.0098.70
151,20998.00–101.50100.01
Steers — Select$ per cwt · actual wt
121,22592.50–96.5095.09
Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.
Source: USDA AMS, as filed — nothing recomputed and nothing rounded. This summary aggregates the same sales the Missouri barn reports cover, so it must never be added to a state total built from those barns.