Name: Springfield Livestock Auction - Kentucky livestock auction prices — 2024-04-29
Creator: RaisedBeef
Published: 2024-04-29

Reporter comment USDA

As filed

Compared to last week feeder steers sold 2.00 to 5.00 higher. Feeder heifers sold steady to 3.00 higher. There was good demand for feeder classes. Slaughter cows sold mostly steady. Slaughter bulls sold 2.00 to 4.00 higher. There was good demand for slaughter classes.

Weight class

Steers · summary 500–600 lb

Weighted average of every reported lot

500–600 lb steers averaged $310.36/cwt on 136 head. That ranks 1 of 30 comparable sales and sits −154.94 against this barn's trailing median of $465.30.

Average price

$310.36

136 head · 552 lb average

Value per head Derived

$1,712

Price × average weight ÷ 100

Grade differential Derived

$124

per head · Medium and Large 1-2 over Medium and Large 2-3

$25.67/cwt at this weight

vs the market

+10.92

vs KY average

+1.75 vs national

What quality paid 500–600 lb

Frame and muscle grade

Frame / muscle	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Medium and Large 1-2	550	313.69	1,726	112
Medium and Large 2	558	296.22	1,653	20
Medium and Large 2-3	557	288.02	1,603	4thin

One grade step is worth $25.67/cwt here — about $124 a head. Across this sale the premium is widest at 200–300 lb. USDA reports each grade on its own line and never publishes the spread.

This barn's trailing prices 500–600 lb

30 sales

Steers 500–600 lb: high $501.97, low $392.22, median $465.30 across 30 sales. Sales under 10 head in this class are excluded, so a thin day cannot swing the median or the ranking.

How it compared 500–600 lb

Same class and week · spot auction only

This sale136 hd

310.36

—

KY average27 barns · 978 hd

299.44

+10.92

National average166 barns · 9,614 hd

308.61

+1.75

This barn, trailing median30 sales

465.30

−154.94

A barn can sit above the state average at one weight and below it at another — check the class you actually sell.

Slaughter cattle

By class and quality grade · $/cwt

Cull cows and bulls are graded, not weight-classed — grade is what moves the money here.

Class	Grade	Dressing	Avg wt	$/cwt	$/head	Head
Bulls	—	Average	1,746	151.00	2,637	5thin
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	Average	1,470	125.00	1,838	1thin
Cows	Boner 80-85%	Low	1,244	122.47	1,524	16
Cows	Lean 85-90%	Low	943	109.82	1,035	17
Heifers	Select and Choice	Average	1,415	150.00	2,123	1thin
Steers	Select and Choice	High	1,210	171.00	2,069	1thin

Replacement cattle Per head

By class, stage and age

Bred stock and pairs are reported per head, not per hundredweight — these prices are never mixed with the $/cwt figures above.

Class	Stage	Age	Avg wt	$/head	Head
Bred Cows	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	970	$1,650	1thin

Every lot, as filed

122 lots · USDA AMS · Washington Co. Cattle Sale - Springfield, KY

Nothing removed and nothing rounded — the same lots as the USDA report, with per-head values added.

Class	Grade / description	Weight	Avg wt	Price	Range	Per head	Head
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	550–600	582	307.16/cwt	301.00–314.00	1,788	39
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	700–750	720	216.29/cwt	210.00–224.00	1,557	7
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	500–550	526	314.00/cwt	304.00–321.00	1,652	51
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	250–300	260	352.50/cwt	352.50–352.50	917	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	800–850	830	249.75/cwt	249.75–249.75	2,073	63
Steers	Medium and Large 2	300–350	340	314.00/cwt	314.00–314.00	1,068	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	450–500	474	330.07/cwt	321.00–337.00	1,565	36
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	850–900	876	224.22/cwt	222.00–238.00	1,964	7
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	650–700	672	252.52/cwt	248.00–258.00	1,697	6
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	350–400	375	299.92/cwt	295.00–305.00	1,125	6
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	650–700	673	238.19/cwt	230.00–241.00	1,603	11
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	600–650	616	291.51/cwt	289.00–301.00	1,796	44
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	400–450	413	329.00/cwt	329.00–329.00	1,359	10
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	700–750	728	262.00/cwt	262.00–262.00	1,907	3
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	750–800	770	211.01/cwt	202.00–216.00	1,625	9
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	500–550	524	277.39/cwt	270.00–285.00	1,454	41
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	300–350	306	303.32/cwt	301.00–308.00	928	3
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	750–800	762	255.81/cwt	248.00–262.00	1,949	9
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	400–450	420	293.55/cwt	288.00–301.00	1,233	18
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	300–350	336	333.46/cwt	328.00–342.50	1,120	4
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	800–850	823	232.41/cwt	228.00–236.50	1,913	12
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	550–600	552	292.00/cwt	292.00–292.00	1,612	12
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	650–700	684	273.76/cwt	263.00–279.00	1,873	17
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	550–600	566	320.66/cwt	318.00–323.00	1,815	16
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	700–750	710	291.00/cwt	291.00–291.00	2,066	2
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	800–850	810	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	1,620	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	500–550	505	329.66/cwt	329.00–330.00	1,665	3
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	900–950	937	214.27/cwt	209.00–216.00	2,008	4
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	500–550	518	295.00/cwt	295.00–295.00	1,528	13
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	650–700	675	287.55/cwt	286.00–289.00	1,941	10
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	800–850	825	217.44/cwt	212.00–219.00	1,794	9
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	600–650	622	246.69/cwt	234.00–251.00	1,534	17
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	450–500	481	318.18/cwt	311.00–324.00	1,530	20
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	200–250	205	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	615	2
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	400–450	418	341.26/cwt	330.00–349.00	1,426	20
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	550–600	560	263.92/cwt	252.00–270.00	1,478	27
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	350–400	374	342.31/cwt	338.00–348.00	1,280	4
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	300–350	328	325.39/cwt	316.00–330.00	1,067	3
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	500–550	529	292.53/cwt	280.00–299.00	1,547	12
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	250–300	275	331.00/cwt	331.00–331.00	910	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2	350–400	358	340.00/cwt	340.00–340.00	1,217	2
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	200–250	248	315.00/cwt	315.00–315.00	781	3
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	450–500	488	309.00/cwt	309.00–309.00	1,508	6
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	850–900	863	214.66/cwt	214.00–215.00	1,853	3
Bred Cows	Medium and Large 1-2	—	970	1,650.00/head	1,650.00–1,650.00	1,650	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	600–650	620	276.23/cwt	274.00–281.00	1,713	4
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	450–500	475	288.61/cwt	280.00–298.00	1,371	30
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	400–450	410	329.00/cwt	329.00–329.00	1,349	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	350–400	371	382.00/cwt	382.00–382.00	1,417	3
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	300–350	345	362.00/cwt	362.00–362.00	1,249	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	400–450	411	353.96/cwt	350.00–359.00	1,455	8
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	800–850	820	216.85/cwt	211.00–223.00	1,778	2
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2	850–900	865	223.00/cwt	223.00–223.00	1,929	1
Stock Cows	Medium and Large 1-2	—	860	135.00/cwt	135.00–135.00	1,161	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	550–600	574	289.66/cwt	280.00–295.00	1,663	7
Cows	Boner 80-85%	—	1,174	111.11/cwt	109.00–115.00	1,304	4
Cows	Boner 80-85%	—	1,350	135.33/cwt	134.00–140.00	1,827	4
Cows	Lean 85-90%	—	922	103.20/cwt	100.00–105.50	952	8
Cows	Lean 85-90%	—	983	120.00/cwt	120.00–120.00	1,180	2
Cows	Lean 85-90%	—	955	114.48/cwt	110.00–118.00	1,093	7
Cows	Breaker 75-80%	—	1,470	125.00/cwt	125.00–125.00	1,838	1
Dairy Steers	Large 3	400–450	425	251.00/cwt	251.00–251.00	1,067	1
Bulls	—	—	2,018	160.43/cwt	160.00–161.00	3,237	2
Bulls	—	—	1,565	144.71/cwt	142.00–147.50	2,265	3
Steers	Select and Choice	—	1,210	171.00/cwt	171.00–171.00	2,069	1
Heifers	Select and Choice	—	1,415	150.00/cwt	150.00–150.00	2,123	1
Cows	Boner 80-85%	—	1,226	121.72/cwt	119.00–124.00	1,492	8
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	700–750	718	228.05/cwt	225.00–236.00	1,637	4
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	400–450	435	348.00/cwt	348.00–348.00	1,514	2
Bulls	Medium and Large 1-2	750–800	780	219.00/cwt	219.00–219.00	1,708	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	400–450	407	310.00/cwt	310.00–310.00	1,262	2
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	500–550	515	340.00/cwt	340.00–340.00	1,751	3
Dairy Steers	Large 3Value Added	400–450	422	279.00/cwt	279.00–279.00	1,177	4
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	850–900	875	215.00/cwt	215.00–215.00	1,881	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	650–700	667	220.44/cwt	218.00–222.00	1,470	5
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	450–500	477	267.95/cwt	265.00–270.00	1,278	5
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	700–750	710	182.00/cwt	182.00–182.00	1,292	1
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	950–1000	985	191.00/cwt	191.00–191.00	1,881	1
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Fancy	450–500	476	340.22/cwt	339.00–344.00	1,619	4
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	600–650	632	220.98/cwt	219.00–225.00	1,397	7
Bulls	Medium and Large 2-3	550–600	580	260.00/cwt	260.00–260.00	1,508	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	200–250	205	242.50/cwt	242.50–242.50	497	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 2-3	450–500	483	287.56/cwt	285.00–290.00	1,389	2
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	250–300	283	280.61/cwt	280.00–282.50	794	4
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	800–850	838	217.50/cwt	216.00–219.00	1,823	2
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	300–350	320	287.00/cwt	287.00–287.00	918	2
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	600–650	637	263.29/cwt	260.00–268.00	1,677	3
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	550–600	593	283.49/cwt	280.00–287.00	1,681	2
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	500–550	520	292.54/cwt	291.00–294.00	1,521	2
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	350–400	390	280.00/cwt	280.00–280.00	1,092	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	500–550	525	251.73/cwt	250.00–254.00	1,322	4
Steers	Medium and Large 2	550–600	584	292.96/cwt	290.00–296.50	1,711	11
Steers	Medium and Large 2	750–800	750	244.00/cwt	244.00–244.00	1,830	1
Steers	Medium and Large 2	350–400	390	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	1,248	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	600–650	617	256.40/cwt	256.00–256.50	1,582	5
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	650–700	684	243.30/cwt	243.30–243.30	1,664	54
Heifers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	750–800	786	226.00/cwt	226.00–226.00	1,776	65
Bulls	Medium and Large 2	450–500	468	304.01/cwt	302.00–305.00	1,423	3
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	450–500	470	298.00/cwt	298.00–298.00	1,401	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	500–550	524	262.00/cwt	260.00–265.00	1,373	4
Steers	Medium and Large 1-2Value Added	600–650	601	320.00/cwt	320.00–320.00	1,923	5
Steers	Medium and Large 2	400–450	414	305.64/cwt	300.00–310.00	1,265	5
Steers	Medium and Large 2	500–550	526	300.21/cwt	299.00–301.00	1,579	9
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	400–450	434	283.40/cwt	282.00–284.00	1,230	5
Bulls	Medium and Large 2-3	500–550	506	266.00/cwt	266.00–266.00	1,346	4
Steers	Medium and Large 2	450–500	481	307.11/cwt	300.00–315.00	1,477	13
Steers	Medium and Large 2	650–700	670	258.00/cwt	258.00–258.00	1,729	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 2	350–400	370	306.00/cwt	306.00–306.00	1,132	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 2	300–350	305	302.50/cwt	302.50–302.50	923	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	700–750	723	200.00/cwt	200.00–200.00	1,446	3
Bulls	Medium and Large 2-3	650–700	650	246.00/cwt	246.00–246.00	1,599	1
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	750–800	780	223.00/cwt	223.00–223.00	1,739	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	450–500	487	275.84/cwt	272.00–278.00	1,343	6
Bulls	Medium and Large 2	400–450	410	306.00/cwt	306.00–306.00	1,255	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	550–600	589	250.00/cwt	250.00–250.00	1,473	5
Steers	Medium and Large 2-3	650–700	650	261.00/cwt	261.00–261.00	1,697	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	400–450	429	273.19/cwt	271.00–276.00	1,172	4
Heifers	Medium and Large 2-3	550–600	576	244.59/cwt	240.00–248.00	1,409	6
Steers	Medium and Large 2	600–650	625	274.31/cwt	270.00–279.00	1,714	8
Steers	Medium and Large 2	250–300	270	300.00/cwt	300.00–300.00	810	1
Heifers	Medium and Large 2	350–400	370	297.00/cwt	297.00–297.00	1,099	1
Bulls	Medium and Large 2-3	350–400	395	285.00/cwt	285.00–285.00	1,126	1

How this sale compares

Kentucky weighted averages

One sale is one barn on one day. The state ladder is every Kentucky auction USDA reported that week, weighted by head — the fairer test of whether a lot sold well.

Kentucky feeder prices, every weight →Every state and region →

Washington Co. Cattle Sale - Springfield, KY

Mon Apr 29, 2024

USDA Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News · Federal-State Market News Service, Frankfort, KY (LS-LG)

Feeder CattleReceipts 1,111Last week 1,192Year ago 1,153

Slaughter CattleReceipts 52Last week 54Year ago 65

Replacement CattleReceipts 5Last week 0Year ago 6

Feeder Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	260	352.50	352.50
4	300–350	336	328.00–342.50	333.46
2	350–400	358	340.00	340.00
20	400–450	418	330.00–349.00	341.26
36	450–500	474	321.00–337.00	330.07
51	500–550	526	304.00–321.00	314.00
39	550–600	582	301.00–314.00	307.16
44	600–650	616	289.00–301.00	291.51
17	650–700	684	263.00–279.00	273.76
3	700–750	728	262.00	262.00
9	750–800	762	248.00–262.00	255.81
12	800–850	823	228.00–236.50	232.41
7	850–900	876	222.00–238.00	224.22
4	900–950	937	209.00–216.00	214.27
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
3	500–550	505	329.00–330.00	329.66
16	550–600	566	318.00–323.00	320.66
5	600–650	601	320.00	320.00
10	650–700	675	286.00–289.00	287.55
2	700–750	710	291.00	291.00
63	800–850	830	249.75	249.75
Steers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	250–300	270	300.00	300.00
1	300–350	340	314.00	314.00
1	350–400	390	320.00	320.00
5	400–450	414	300.00–310.00	305.64
13	450–500	481	300.00–315.00	307.11
9	500–550	526	299.00–301.00	300.21
11	550–600	584	290.00–296.50	292.96
8	600–650	625	270.00–279.00	274.31
1	650–700	670	258.00	258.00
1	750–800	750	244.00	244.00
Steers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	345	362.00	362.00
3	350–400	371	382.00	382.00
8	400–450	411	350.00–359.00	353.96
4	450–500	476	339.00–344.00	340.22
3	500–550	515	340.00	340.00
Steers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	450–500	470	298.00	298.00
2	500–550	520	291.00–294.00	292.54
2	550–600	593	280.00–287.00	283.49
3	600–650	637	260.00–268.00	263.29
1	650–700	650	261.00	261.00
1	750–800	780	223.00	223.00
2	800–850	838	216.00–219.00	217.50
1	850–900	875	215.00	215.00
1	950–1000	985	191.00	191.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
2	200–250	205	300.00	300.00
3	300–350	306	301.00–308.00	303.32
6	350–400	375	295.00–305.00	299.92
18	400–450	420	288.00–301.00	293.55
30	450–500	475	280.00–298.00	288.61
41	500–550	524	270.00–285.00	277.39
27	550–600	560	252.00–270.00	263.92
17	600–650	622	234.00–251.00	246.69
11	650–700	673	230.00–241.00	238.19
7	700–750	720	210.00–224.00	216.29
9	750–800	770	202.00–216.00	211.01
9	800–850	825	212.00–219.00	217.44
1	850–900	865	223.00	223.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
10	400–450	413	329.00	329.00
13	500–550	518	295.00	295.00
12	550–600	552	292.00	292.00
5	600–650	617	256.00–256.50	256.40
54	650–700	684	243.30	243.30
65	750–800	786	226.00	226.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	350–400	370	297.00	297.00
5	400–450	434	282.00–284.00	283.40
6	450–500	487	272.00–278.00	275.84
4	500–550	524	260.00–265.00	262.00
5	550–600	589	250.00	250.00
3	700–750	723	200.00	200.00
1	800–850	810	200.00	200.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
2	400–450	407	310.00	310.00
6	450–500	488	309.00	309.00
Heifers — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	200–250	205	242.50	242.50
4	250–300	283	280.00–282.50	280.61
2	300–350	320	287.00	287.00
1	350–400	390	280.00	280.00
4	400–450	429	271.00–276.00	273.19
5	450–500	477	265.00–270.00	267.95
4	500–550	525	250.00–254.00	251.73
6	550–600	576	240.00–248.00	244.59
7	600–650	632	219.00–225.00	220.98
5	650–700	667	218.00–222.00	220.44
1	700–750	710	182.00	182.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
3	200–250	248	315.00	315.00
1	250–300	275	331.00	331.00
3	300–350	328	316.00–330.00	325.39
4	350–400	374	338.00–348.00	342.31
1	400–450	410	329.00	329.00
20	450–500	481	311.00–324.00	318.18
12	500–550	529	280.00–299.00	292.53
7	550–600	574	280.00–295.00	289.66
4	600–650	620	274.00–281.00	276.23
6	650–700	672	248.00–258.00	252.52
4	700–750	718	225.00–236.00	228.05
1	750–800	780	219.00	219.00
2	800–850	820	211.00–223.00	216.85
3	850–900	863	214.00–215.00	214.66
Bulls — Medium and Large 1-2 · Fancy$ per cwt · actual wt
2	400–450	435	348.00	348.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 2-3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	350–400	395	285.00	285.00
2	450–500	483	285.00–290.00	287.56
4	500–550	506	266.00	266.00
1	550–600	580	260.00	260.00
1	650–700	650	246.00	246.00
Bulls — Medium and Large 2$ per cwt · actual wt
1	300–350	305	302.50	302.50
1	350–400	370	306.00	306.00
1	400–450	410	306.00	306.00
3	450–500	468	302.00–305.00	304.01
Dairy Steers — Large 3$ per cwt · actual wt
1	400–450	425	251.00	251.00
Dairy Steers — Large 3 · Value Added$ per cwt · actual wt
4	400–450	422	279.00	279.00

Replacement Cattle

As reported

Age	Stage	Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Bred Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per head · actual wt
Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	3rd Stage (7-9 mo)	1	—	970	1,650.00	1,650.00
Stock Cows — Medium and Large 1-2$ per cwt · actual wt
Young (2-4 yrs)	Open	1	—	860	135.00	135.00

Slaughter Cattle

As reported

Head	Wt range	Avg wt	Price range	Avg price
Cows — Boner 80-85%$ per cwt · actual wt
4	—	1,174	109.00–115.00	111.11
4	—	1,350	134.00–140.00	135.33
8	—	1,226	119.00–124.00	121.72
Cows — Lean 85-90%$ per cwt · actual wt
8	—	922	100.00–105.50	103.20
2	—	983	120.00	120.00
7	—	955	110.00–118.00	114.48
Cows — Breaker 75-80%$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,470	125.00	125.00
Bulls$ per cwt · actual wt
2	—	2,018	160.00–161.00	160.43
3	—	1,565	142.00–147.50	144.71
Steers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,210	171.00	171.00
Heifers — Select and Choice$ per cwt · actual wt
1	—	1,415	150.00	150.00

Head, weight ranges, average weights and price ranges are exactly as USDA AMS filed them — nothing recomputed, nothing rounded — in USDA's own reporting structure. This is RaisedBeef's rendering of that data, not a copy of USDA's document.

Feeder Cattle — prices, barns, and planning

Fed Cattle — the cash market and what quality pays

Beef & Retail — from the box to the grocery shelf

Feed & Hay — the cost side, cash not futures

Cows & Bred Stock — the rebuild market

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Springfield Livestock Auction - Kentucky

Reporter comment USDA

Steers · summary 500–600 lb

What quality paid 500–600 lb

This barn's trailing prices 500–600 lb

How it compared 500–600 lb

Slaughter cattle

Replacement cattle Per head

Every lot, as filed

How this sale compares

Washington Co. Cattle Sale - Springfield, KY

Feeder Cattle

Replacement Cattle

Slaughter Cattle